HIV-1 can establish a state of latent infection at the level of individual T cells. Latently
infected cells are rare in vivo and appear to arise when activated CD4+ T cells, the major …

Combination antiretroviral therapy, despite being potent and life-prolonging, is not curative
and does not eradicate HIV-1 infection since interruption of treatment inevitably results in a …

Thirty-five years after the identification of HIV-1 as the causative agent of AIDS, we are still in
search of vaccines and treatments to eradicate this devastating infectious disease. Progress …

The persistence of HIV-1 latent reservoirs represents a major barrier to virus eradication in
infected patients under HAART since interruption of the treatment inevitably leads to a …

The rate of HIV-1 gene expression is a key step that determines the kinetics of virus spread
and AIDS progression. Viral entry and gene expression were described to be the key …

Background Central to the fully competent replication cycle of the human immunodeficiency
virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the nuclear export of unspliced and partially spliced RNAs mediated …

Background HIV infection can be treated effectively with antiretroviral agents, but the
persistence of a latent reservoir of integrated proviruses prevents eradication of HIV from …

Averaged estimates of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) elongation rates in mammalian cells
have been shown to range between 1.3 and 4.3 kb min− 1. In this work, nascent RNAs from …

The establishment of a stable reservoir of latently infected cells allows HIV to persist in the
host. Usually, HIV infection of T cells results in integration of the viral genome, with a …

Failure of highly active antiretroviral therapy to eradicate the human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV), even in patients who suppress the virus to undetectable levels for many years …