This paper reviews the existing and state of art knowledge for electronic waste (e-waste)
recycling. Electrical and/or electronic devices which are unwanted, broken or discarded by …

Large amounts of waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) has been produced due
to continuous technological innovation and the improvement of living standards. Based on …

In recent years, the recovery of metals from spent lithium ion batteries (LIBs) has become
increasingly important due to their great environmental impact and the wastage of valuable …

The demand for rare earth elements (REEs) has significantly increased due to their
indispensable uses in integrated circuits of modern technology. However, due to the …

Electronic waste (e-waste) management is currently a priority, especially in economically
developing nations, because improper waste disposal leads to economic loss and negative …

The recycling of waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) has attracted global attention
because of their increasingly huge quantity, hazardous character, and high recovery values …

The progress of science and technology speeds up the upgrading of electrical and
electronic equipment, resulting in the generation of electronic waste (e-waste). Electronic …

Increasing recovery of critical raw materials (CRMs) from waste electrical and electronic
equipment (WEEE) is a strategic priority to mitigate supply risks. Today, CRM recovery rates …

Nanoparticle (NP) assessment in sludge materials, although of growing importance in eco-
and biotoxicity studies, is commonly overlooked and, at best, understudied. In the present …

The viability of closed-loop recycling of electronics can sustain the future development of the
flourishing electronics industry. Identification for the recyclability of e-waste (or WEEE) plays …