Major differences in facial morphology distinguish vertebrate species. Variation of facial
traits underlies the uniqueness of human individuals, and abnormal craniofacial …

Variations in the form of the human face, which plays a role in our individual identities and
societal interactions, have fascinated scientists and artists alike. Here, we review our current …

Abstract Introduction Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are common craniofacial birth defects with
heterogeneous phenotype and etiology. Geneticists have applied nearly every available …

Human facial shape, while strongly heritable, involves both genetic and structural
complexity, necessitating precise phenotyping for accurate assessment. Common …

The rapid improvements in identifying the genetic factors contributing to facial morphology
have enabled the early identification of craniofacial syndromes. Similarly, this technology …

Alcohol consumption in pregnancy can affect genome regulation in the developing offspring
but results have been contradictory. We employed a physiologically relevant murine model …

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified thousands of genetic variants linked to
phenotypic traits and disease risk. However, mechanistic understanding of how GWAS …

Alcohol consumption in pregnancy can affect genome regulation in the developing offspring
but results have been contradictory. We employed a physiologically relevant murine model …

Nonsyndromic orofacial clefts belong to a class of congenital malformations characterized
by a complex and multifactorial etiology. During early facial development, multiple factors …

Non-syndromic cleft lip and palate (NSCLP) is one of the most common birth defects in
humans with an overall prevalence of∼ 1 in 700 live births around the world. The etiology of …