Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) isoforms are upregulated and activated in myocardial
diseases and have an important role in cardiac repair and remodelling, regulating the …

Various forms of fibrosis, comprising tissue thickening and scarring, are involved in 40% of
deaths across the world. Since the discovery of scarless functional healing in fetuses prior to …

TGF-β is extensively implicated in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. In fibrotic lesions, spatially
restricted generation of bioactive TGF-β from latent stores requires the cooperation of …

The adult mammalian heart contains abundant interstitial and perivascular fibroblasts that
expand following injury and play a reparative role but also contribute to maladaptive fibrotic …

Resistance to cancer therapy is a major barrier to cancer management. Conventional views
have proposed that acquisition of resistance may result from genetic mutations. However …

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common complications in diabetes mellitus
and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. TGF-β is a pleiotropic cytokine and has …

The term 'fibroblast'often serves as a catch-all for a diverse array of mesenchymal cells,
including perivascular cells, stromal progenitor cells and bona fide fibroblasts. Although …

Liver fibrosis results from repeated and persistent liver damage. It can start with hepatocyte
injury and advance to inflammation, which recruits and activates additional liver immune …

The identification of thrombospondin-1 as an angiogenesis inhibitor in 1990 prompted
interest in its role in cancer biology and potential as a therapeutic target. Decreased …

Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are a significant component of the hepatocellular carcinoma
(HCC) tumor microenvironment (TME). Activated HSCs transform into myofibroblast-like …