Benchmarking the energy efficiency of ships is not a straightforward task, mainly due to the
diversity of operations. Although driving cycles have been used for decades in evaluating …

Analysing operational conditions of ships presents a novel approach to assessing emission
levels, motivated by the inadequacy of traditional static weighting factors, such as ISO 8178 …

Due to tightening regulations on exhaust emissions from ships, there is a growing need to
develop electric or hybrid electric propulsion systems to replace conventional diesel-based …

In the maritime and shipping industries, there is a growing demand for environmentally
friendly ships due to increasingly stringent environmental regulations. Hybrid ships, which …

In recent years, international shipping has received considerable attention with regard to
reducing its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. While efficient ships are key, benchmarking …

Today, the transportation sector has undergone a change from conventional vehicle to
hybrid electric vehicle especially land-based with the aim to reduce fuel consumption and …

Benchmarking the energy efficiency of ships is not a straightforward task, mainly due to the
diversity of operations. Although driving cycles have been used for decades in evaluating …

Internal combustion engine (ICE) is the most important part in vehicle. Generally, the
combustion of ICE is facilitated by petrol and exhaust gas emission from vehicles is a …

Hybrid vehicles are one such alternative and an important part of them is the energy storage
system. A seriesparallel plug-in hybrid electric recreational boat (PHERB) is a new model for …

Abstract Plug-in Hybrid Electric Recreactional Boat (PHERB) is a new innovation of
conventional boat for water transportation. In the PHERB powertrain, the main power source …