In recent years the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation has emerged as this era's most
renowned, and arguably its most influential, global health player. A century ago, the …

Collective intellectual property of traditional knowledge by Indigenous peoples and local
communities is an important source of innovation and product development. In this article …

The pharmaceutical industry accounts for a substantial chunk of the US economy's research
and development investments, which have resulted in significant medical breakthroughs. At …

THE CRITICAL WORK IN GLOBAL HEALTH, NOW COMPLETELY REVISED AND
UPDATED" This book compels us to better understand the contexts in which health …

This article quantifies the relationship between market size and innovation in the
pharmaceutical industry using improved, and newer, methods and data. We find significant …

This paper studies the global R&D effort to fight the deadliest diseases. We find:(1) the
elasticity of R&D effort with respect to market size is about 1/2 in the cross-section of …

Innovation is central to long-run economic growth. This chapter summarizes the state of the
literature on the economics of innovation, highlighting open policy questions. We first …

Abstract Analysis of the timing of launches of 642 new drugs in 76 countries during 1983–
2002 shows that patent and price regulation regimes strongly affect how quickly new drugs …

Stronger protection of patent rights is thought to spur innovation through securing returns to
R&D investments. Those investments must be financed, however, suggesting that the …

In 2005, as the result of a World Trade Organization mandate, India implemented a patent
reform for pharmaceuticals that was intended to comply with the 1995 Trade-Related …