Distant metastasis is a primary cause of mortality and contributes to poor surgical outcomes
in cancer patients. Before the development of organ-specific metastasis, the formation of a …

The metastasis is a multistep process in which a small proportion of cancer cells are
detached from the colony to enter into blood cells for obtaining a new place for metastasis …

Pancreatic cancer is characterized by an extensive fibroinflammatory microenvironment.
During carcinogenesis, normal stromal cells are converted to cytokine-high cancer …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) play critical roles in tumor survival, progression, and
metastasis and can be considered potential targets for molecular imaging of cancer. The …

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a remarkable cytokine that plays an important
role in regulating vascular formation during the angiogenesis process. Therefore, real-time …

Abstract Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), one of the most abundant immune cell
types in the tumor microenvironment (TME), account for approximately 50% of the local …

Molecular signaling in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is complex, and crosstalk among
various cell compartments in supporting metastasis remains poorly understood. In particular …

Cancer is the world's second leading cause of mortality and one of the major public health
problems. Cancer incidence and mortality rates remain high despite the great …

Defining reliable surrogate markers and overcoming drug resistance are the most
challenging issues for improving therapeutic outcomes of antiangiogenic drugs (AADs) in …

Ocular surface neovascularization and its resulting pathological changes significantly alter
corneal refraction and obstruct light path to the retina, and hence is a major cause of vision …