Vascular aging, a determinant factor for cardiovascular disease and health status in the
elderly, is now viewed as a modifiable risk factor. Impaired endothelial vasodilation is a early …

Despite the wealth of epidemiological and experimental studies indicating the protective role
of regular physical activity/exercise training against the sequels of aging and cardiovascular …

Adaptive homeostasis is “the transient expansion or contraction of the homeostatic range for
any given physiological parameter in response to exposure to sub‐toxic, non‐damaging …

Skeletal muscle adapts to the stress of contractile activity via changes in gene expression to
yield an increased content of a family of highly conserved cytoprotective proteins known as …

Ageing is associated with skeletal muscle atrophy, a deficit in force generation, an increased
susceptibility to contraction-induced injury, and a permanent force deficit following severe …

Background. Elevated plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), and D-
dimer belong to the biological alterations of the “frailty syndrome,” defining increased …

Acute contractile activity of skeletal muscle initiates the activation of signaling kinases. This
promotes the phosphorylation of transcription factors, leading to enhanced DNA binding and …

The aging process in skeletal muscle is characterized by a loss of myocytes and reduction in
cross-sectional area of the remaining myocytes, particularly in Type II (fast-twitch) muscle …

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are, in general, prosurvival molecules within the cellular
environment, and the overexpression of even just 1 family of HSPs can lead to protection …

As we age, our skeletal muscle becomes smaller and weaker. In addition, the remaining
muscle is more susceptible to damage, particularly following exercise, recovery from …