The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is a unique and important brain region
involved in the control of cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, and other physiological functions …

Prolongation of relaxation is a hallmark of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Most studies attribute
this defect to decreases in sarco (endo) plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2a) …

The maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis is highly dependent on tightly controlled
interactions between the heart and the kidneys. Therefore, it is not surprising that a …

The gaseous molecule nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in cardiovascular
homeostasis. It plays this role by its action on both the central and peripheral autonomic …

The role of the autonomic nervous system. The mechanisms by which physical training
exerts its beneficial effects on mortality and cardiovascular disease are surprisingly ill …

Clinical consequences of heart failure are fatigue, dyspnea, and progressive impairment of
exercise tolerance. Regular exercise training is associated with health-improving effects. In …

The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) is an important site for autonomic
and endocrine homeostasis. The PVN integrates specific afferent stimuli to produce an …

Neurohumoral activation has been recognized as one of the hallmarks in the compensatory
response during the development of chronic heart failure (CHF), whatever its origin. 1–4 A …

Aim: There is a characteristic neurohumoral activation in heart failure (HF). However, few
studies have been performed to examine the role of the central nervous system in the …

Heart failure (HF) in the elderly is an increasingly large and complex problem in modern
society. Notably, the cause of HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is multifactorial …