The fungal infections are relatively common in humans that can range from common, mild
superficial infections to life-threatening invasive infections. Most of the pathogenic fungi are …

Osteoporosis is the most prevalent metabolic bone disease that affects half the women in the
sixth and seventh decade of life. Osteoporosis is characterized by uncoupled bone …

Two zoonotic coronaviruses (CoVs)—SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV—have crossed species to
cause severe human respiratory disease. Here, we showed that induction of airway memory …

Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a deadly viral respiratory disease caused by
MERS-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. To date, there is no specific treatment proven …

Brain pericytes are perivascular cells that regulate capillary function, and this localization
puts them in a pivotal position for the regulation of central nervous system (CNS) …

Memory for antigen is a defining feature of adaptive immunity. Antigen-specific lymphocyte
populations show an increase in number and function after antigen encounter and more …

CD4+ T helper (Th) cells play central roles in immunity in health and disease. While much is
known about the effector function of Th cells in combating pathogens and promoting …

Many countries are facing the aging of their population, and many more will face a similar
obstacle in the near future, which could be a burden to many healthcare systems. Increased …

Most vaccines require multiple doses to induce long-lasting protective immunity in a high
frequency of vaccines, and to ensure strong both individual and herd immunity. Repetitive …

Adoptive immunotherapy with functional T cells is potentially an effective therapeutic
strategy for combating many types of cancer and viral infection. However, exhaustion of …