Transgenic crops producing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins for insect pest control have
been successful, but their efficacy is reduced when pests evolve resistance. Here we review …

Transgenic maize and cotton expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins were first
commercialized in 1996. By 2009, Bt crops were planted on ca. 47.6 Mha in 22 countries …

The Cry1F protein from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner expressed in event TC1507 maize
(Zea mays L.) was one of the most effective ways to control Spodoptera frugiperda (JE …

Background Transgenic corn engineered with genes expressing insecticidal toxins from the
bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner)(Bt) are now a major tool in insect pest …

Transgenic maize, Zea mays L., modified to express insecticidal proteins from the bacterium
Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, was introduced in 1996 to control Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner …

Extensive cultivation of crops genetically engineered to produce insecticidal proteins from
the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has suppressed some major pests, reduced …

Transgenic crops that produce Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins are grown widely for pest
control, but insect adaptation can reduce their efficacy,,,,. The genetically modified Bt toxins …

Transgenic maize, Zea maize L., expressing the Cry1F protein from Bacillus thuringiensis
has been registered for Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) control since 2003. Unexpected …

H. zea populations was evaluated: Luttrell et al. 2 (before introduction of Bt cotton) and Ali et
al. 3 (after introduction of Bt cotton). We emphatically disagree with the conclusions of …

The first case of field-evolved resistance in European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis
(Hübner)(Lepidoptera: Crambidae) to transgenic corn (Zea mays L.) producing a Bacillus …