The discovery of interleukin-2 (IL-2) changed the molecular understanding of how the
immune system is controlled. IL-2 is a pleiotropic cytokine, and dissecting the signaling …

The common cytokine receptor γ chain, γ c, is a component of the receptors for interleukin-2
(IL-2), IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, and IL-21. Mutation of the gene encoding γ c results in X-linked …

We look back on the discoveries that the tyrosine kinases TYK2 and JAK1 and the
transcription factors STAT1, STAT2, and IRF9 are required for the cellular response to type I …

Clonal alterations in hematopoietic cells occur during aging and are often associated with
the establishment of a subclinical inflammatory environment. Several age-related conditions …

A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was
confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled. The condensate fraction first …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRR) with a crucial
function in innate immune responses. Activation of TLR4 signaling at the plasma membrane …

Since its discovery two decades ago, the activation of the Janus kinase/signal transducers
and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway by numerous cytokines and growth …

▪ Abstract Cytokines and interferons are molecules that play central roles in the regulation of
a wide array of cellular functions in the lympho-hematopoietic system. These factors …

▪ Abstract Interleukin-4 is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a critical role in the regulation
of immune responses. Its effects depend upon binding to and signaling through a receptor …

Abstract Interleukin-4 (IL-4) stimulation of cells leads to the activation of multiple signaling
pathways, one of which involves Stat6. We have generated Stat6-deficient mice by gene …