Due to emergence of new variants of pathogenic micro-organisms the treatment and
immunization of infectious diseases have become a great challenge in the past few years. In …

Nanotechnology increasingly plays a significant role in vaccine development. As vaccine
development orientates toward less immunogenic “minimalist” compositions, formulations …

Subunit vaccines are more advantageous than live attenuated vaccines in terms of safety
and scale-up manufacture. However, this often comes as a trade-off to their efficacy. Over …

Pancreatic tumors are highly desmoplastic and immunosuppressive. Delivery and
distribution of drugs within pancreatic tumors are compromised due to intrinsic physical and …

Nanomedicine offers unique advantages in treating human cancers. However, physiological
and pathological barriers within normal and disease tissues, which are highly variable …

The SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic has seen rapid spread, disease morbidities and death
associated with substantive social, economic and societal impacts. Treatments rely on re …

Particulate carrier systems are promising drug delivery vehicles for subunit vaccination as
they can enhance and direct the type of T cell response. In order to develop vaccines with …

The development of therapeutic cancer vaccines as a means to generate immune reactivity
against tumors has been explored since the early discovery of tumor-specific antigens by …

Despite the great success of vaccines over two centuries, the conventional strategy is based
on attenuated/altered microorganisms. However, this is not effective for all microbes and …

Among the emerging subunit vaccines are recombinant protein-and synthetic peptide-based
vaccine formulations. However, proteins and peptides have a low intrinsic immunogenicity …