Genome-scale data and the development of novel statistical phylogenetic approaches have
greatly aided the reconstruction of a broad sketch of the tree of life and resolved many of its …

Evolutionary changes in human brain structure and function have enabled our specialized
cognitive abilities. How these changes have come about genetically and functionally has …

Hydrostatic pressure increases with depth in the ocean, but little is known about the
molecular bases of biological pressure tolerance. We describe a mode of pressure …

Axons are ultrathin membrane cables that are specialized for the conduction of action
potentials. Although their diameter is variable along their length, how their morphology is …

The evolutionary history of animal cognition appears to involve a few major transitions:
major changes that opened up new phylogenetic possibilities for cognition. Here, we review …

The transition from simple to complex multicellularity involves division of labor and
specialization of cell types. In animals, complex sensory-motor systems are primarily built …

Neuronal circuits represent the functional units of the brain. Understanding how the circuits
are generated to perform computations will help us understand how the brain functions …

The silk-spinning process of the silkworms transforms the liquid silk solution to a solid state
under mild conditions, making it an attractive model for bioinspiration However, the precise …

Light detection underlies a variety of animal behaviors, including those related to spatial
orientation, feeding, avoidance of predators, and reproduction. Ctenophores are likely the …

Highlights•Neuropeptide signaling forms a chemical connectome overlaid on synaptic
circuits.•Studies on nonbilaterians have revealed nonsynaptic actions of neuropeptides.• …