Direct effects of soil or its constituents on human health are through its ingestion, inhalation
or absorption. The soil contains many infectious organisms that may enter the human body …

Humans have evolved with oral exposure to dietary microparticles and nanoparticles as a
normal occurrence but the ever-growing exploitation of nanotechnology is likely to increase …

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal contagious prion disease in cervids that is
enzootic in some areas in North America. The disease has been found in deer, elk and …

Abstract The European Commission has recently revised the EU legislation on fertilisers,
expanding its scope to secondary-raw-material-based fertilising products, and resulting in …

Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders with known natural occurrence in
humans and a few other mammalian species. The diseases are experimentally …

Historically, organic amendments—organic wastes—have been the main source of plant
nutrients, especially N. Their use allows better management of often-finite resources to …

A naturally occurring transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) of mule deer was first
reported in Colorado and Wyoming in 1967 and has since spread to other members of the …

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) that
affects members of the cervidae family. The infectious agent is a misfolded isoform (PrPSC) …

Livestock mortalities represent a major waste stream within agriculture. Many different
methods are used throughout the world to dispose of these mortalities; however within the …

Infectious prion diseases—scrapie of sheep and chronic wasting disease (CWD) of several
species in the deer family,—are transmitted naturally within affected host populations …