Targeting immune checkpoints such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1),
programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PDL1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) has …

Sarcoidosis is a complex disease with heterogeneous clinical presentations that can affect
virtually any organ. Although the lung is typically the most common organ involved …

Pacific Ocean rockfishes (genus Sebastes) exhibit extreme variation in life span, with some
species being among the most long-lived extant vertebrates. We de novo assembled the …

Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown cause. Sarcoidosis involving
the heart, ie, cardiac sarcoidosis, affects the prognosis of patients significantly as it may lead …

Immune responses need to be controlled for optimal protective immunity and tolerance.
Coinhibitory pathways in the B7-CD28 family provide critical inhibitory signals that regulate …

Many body surfaces harbor organ-specific γδ T cell compartments that contribute to tissue
integrity. Thus, murine dendritic epidermal T cells (DETCs) uniquely expressing T cell …

Over several decades, various forms of genomic analysis of the human major
histocompatibility complex (MHC) have been extremely successful in picking up many …

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly appreciated as regulators of cell-specific
gene expression. Here, an enhancer-like lncRNA termed NeST (nettoie Salmonella pas …

Copy number variation (CNV) of DNA sequences is functionally significant but has yet to be
fully ascertained. We have constructed a first-generation CNV map of the human genome …

Complex disease genetics has been revolutionised in recent years by the advent of genome-
wide association (GWA) studies. The chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), Crohn's …