One obvious feature of the solar cycle is its variation from one cycle to another. In this article,
we review the dynamo models for the long-term variations of the solar cycle. By long-term …

The dynamic activity of the Sun—sustained by a magnetohydrodynamic dynamo mechanism
working in its interior—modulates the electromagnetic, particulate, and radiative …

Solar activity has a cyclic nature with the≈ 11-year Schwabe cycle dominating its variability
on the interannual timescale. However, solar cycles are significantly modulated in length …

The Sun's activity cycle governs the radiation, particle and magnetic flux in the heliosphere
creating hazardous space weather. Decadal-scale variations define space climate and force …

The dynamic activity of stars such as the Sun influences (exo) planetary space environments
through modulation of stellar radiation, plasma wind, particle and magnetic fluxes. Energetic …

Theoretical models for the solar dynamo range from simple low-dimensional “toy models” to
complex 3D-MHD simulations. Here we mainly discuss appproaches that are motivated and …

This paper reviews recent advances and current debates in modeling the solar cycle as a
hydromagnetic dynamo process. Emphasis is placed on (relatively) simple dynamo models …

A review of solar cycle prediction methods and their performance is given, including early
forecasts for Cycle 25. The review focuses on those aspects of the solar cycle prediction …

Over the last decade there has been mounting evidence that the strength of the Sun's polar
magnetic fields during a solar cycle minimum is the best predictor of the amplitude of the …

The prediction of the strength of an upcoming solar cycle has been a long-standing
challenge in the field of solar physics. The inherent stochastic nature of the underlying solar …