Life is characterized by a myriad of complex dynamic processes allowing organisms to grow,
reproduce, and evolve. Physical approaches for describing systems out of thermodynamic …

Marine microalgae and seaweeds (microalgae) represent a sustainable source of various
bioactive natural carotenoids, including β-carotene, lutein, astaxanthin, zeaxanthin …

Background Plants are often subjected to periods of soil and atmospheric water deficits
during their life cycle as well as, in many areas of the globe, to high soil salinity …

Oxygenic photosynthesis is the principal energy converter on earth. It is driven by
photosystems I and II, two large protein–cofactor complexes located in the thylakoid …

Femtosecond visible and infrared analogues of multiple-pulse nuclear magnetic resonance
techniques provide novel snapshot probes into the structure and electronic and vibrational …

We present a review of the recently developed landscape and flux theory for non-equilibrium
dynamical systems. We point out that the global natures of the associated dynamics for non …

▪ Abstract The cytochrome bc complexes represent a phylogenetically diverse group of
complexes of electron-transferring membrane proteins, most familiarly represented by the …

▪ Abstract Recent progress in two-dimensional and three-dimensional electron and X-ray
crystallography of Photosystem II (PSII) core complexes has led to major advances in the …

Photosynthesis is limited by the conductance of carbon dioxide (CO2) from intercellular
spaces to the sites of carboxylation. Although the concept of internal conductance (gi) has …

According to general agreement, all photosynthetic organisms using xanthophyll cycling for
photoprotection contain either the violaxanthin (Vx) cycle or the diadinoxanthin (Ddx) cycle …