Supplemental lighting is often needed in controlled environment agriculture to produce high-
quality crops. The cost of the electricity needed to provide this lighting can be high. Light …

Altering the radiation intensity in controlled environments can influence volatile organic
compound (VOC) biosynthetic pathways, including those of terpenoids and …

This report proposes a vertical farm design concept based on objectives to demonstrate
optimization in advanced controlled environment cultivation, energy-and waste stream …

Photosynthetic lighting is one of the main costs of running controlled environment agriculture
facilities. To optimize photosynthetic lighting, it is important to understand how plants use the …

Controlled environment agriculture (CEA) operations must increase resource-use efficiency,
yield, and phytonutrient concentrations to remain competitive. Carotenoids are …

Decentralized, smart indoor cultivation systems can produce herbs and vegetables for fresh
and healthy daily nutrition of the urban population. This study assesses technical and …

There is substantial interest in growing crops in closed controlled environments, yet the
energy requirements are high. Energy is required to produce light, but also to remove the …

Agriculture in controlled environments has gained popularity over time. Compared to
traditional agriculture, controlled environments emerge as an alternative to mitigate the …

In 2011, the Institute of Space Systems (Bremen) of the German Aerospace Center (DLR)
launched a research initiative called EDEN-Evolution & Design of Environmentally-closed …

The implementation of breeding programs for indoor vertical farms has been increasing to
provide new varieties that have higher nutritional contents and morphological traits fitted to …