Nanotechnology is a fast-evolving field focused on fabricating nanoscale objects for
industrial, cosmetic, and therapeutic applications. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are self …

Over the last three decades, virus-like particles (VLPs) have evolved to become a widely
accepted technology, especially in the field of vaccinology. In fact, some VLP-based …

Norovirus (NoV) is an enteric non-enveloped virus which is the leading cause of
gastroenteritis across all age groups. It is responsible for around 200,000 deaths annually …

In recent years, hepatitis B core protein virus‐like particle (HBc VLP) is an impressive
biomaterial, which has attracted considerable attention due to favorable properties such as …

The correlation between the detection of murine norovirus 1 RNA by real-time reverse
transcription-PCR and the infectivity by plaque assay before and after heat exposure (80° C) …

Virus-like particles (VLPs) are self-assembled structures derived from viral antigens that
mimic the native architecture of viruses but lack the viral genome. VLPs have emerged as a …

Introduction Vaccines represent he most common and safer ways of combating infectious
diseases. Loss of potency owing to thermal denaturation or degradation of almost all the …

Over one‐half of foodborne illnesses are believed to be viral in origin. The ability of viruses
to persist in the environment and foods, coupled with low infectious doses, allows even a …

Sensitive biological compounds, such as vaccines and antibiotics, traditionally require a
time-dependent “cold chain” to maximize therapeutic activity. This flawed process results in …

Icosahedral viral capsids are obligated to perform a thermodynamic balancing act. Capsids
must be stable enough to protect the genome until a suitable host cell is encountered yet be …