Endotoxins and exotoxins are among the most potent bacterial inducers of cytokines. During
infectious processes, the production of inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis …

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has affected countries across the world. While the …

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly and extensively to most countries
in the world, resulting in considerable mortality in Europe and the United States, as well as …

Abstract Systems biology can unravel complex biology but has not been extensively applied
to human newborns, a group highly vulnerable to a wide range of diseases. We optimized …

In recent decades, due to insufficient concentration at the lesion site, low bioavailability and
increasingly serious resistance, antibiotics have become less and less dominant in the …

In recent years, the role of human microbiota as a short-and long-term health promoter and
modulator has been affirmed and progressively strengthened. In the course of one's life …

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a unique subpopulation of immune cells, distinct
from classical dendritic cells. pDCs are generated in the bone marrow and following …

Introduction Understanding the factors that delineate the efficacy of T cell responses towards
pathogens is crucial for our ability to develop potent therapies against infectious diseases …

Cytokines have attracted much attention as diagnostic biomarkers for infectious and
inflammatory diseases in recent years. However, understanding of maturation and normal …

All currently available Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) vaccines have limitations due to
their capsular serotype composition. Both the 23-valent Spn polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) …