This chapter concerns the state of the literature on early childhood education (ECE)–formal
programs offering group instruction outside the home for children younger than the standard …

Longitudinal models typically emphasize between-person predictors of change but ignore
how growth varies within persons because each person contributes only one data point at …

Despite its frequent consideration in test development, item complexity receives little
attention in the psychometric modeling of item response data. In this address, I consider how …

What appears to be ineffectiveness of educational interventions in the long run may actually
be caused by statistical artefacts in the equating of tests taken at different time points or by …

We revisit the empirically observed positive correlation between DIF and difficulty studied by
Freedle and commonly seen in tests of verbal proficiency when comparing populations of …

Item difficulty and dimensionality often correlate, implying that unidimensional IRT
approximations to multidimensional data (ie, reference composites) can take a curvilinear …

This dissertation is composed of four chapters. The first chapter provides an overview of the
literature this dissertation seeks to contribute to and summarizes the subsequent chapters …

I am investigating the impact of early childhood education on future juvenile crime. To do
this, I created a detailed literature review using a variety of sources. I found the programs …