Research on the development of social identities in early and middle childhood has largely
focused on gender; increasingly, however, theory and research have addressed the …

Ethnically and racially underrepresented adolescents are experiencing pubertal
development earlier in life than prior cohorts and their White American peers. This early …

Parental ethnic‐racial socialization is a source of adolescents' resilience against ethnic‐
racial discrimination. Recent meta‐analyses have documented the promotive aspects of …

Abstract Background African Americans often witness or learn about others' racial
discrimination experiences (ie, vicarious racial discrimination). Vicarious racial …

Scholars have spent the last four decades expanding the theoretical understanding of
parental racial socialization—or parent–child communication about race. What is largely …

Intermarriage is noted to be a difficult adjustment as culture, language, and family
expectations can clash. Given the rising intermarried population and the challenges they …

Parental experiences of discrimination can impact ethnic minority adolescents'
developmental outcomes. To explicate this link, this study reviewed 30 articles in which the …

Although considerable literature focuses on risk factors predicting parents' likelihood to
engage in maltreatment, relatively less work evaluates potentially protective parental …

Individuals from ethnoracially minoritized groups frequently endure discrimination,
manifesting as unfair treatment, suspicion, and ridicule (Carroll, 1998). This pervasive …

To better serve the growing population of interracial and interethnic parents raising children
and adolescents, social workers must strive to understand their unique experiences. The …