Cytokines are critical in regulating immune responses and cellular behavior, playing dual
roles in both normal physiology and the pathology of diseases such as cancer. These …

Tumor cells can “hijack” chemokine networks to support tumor progression. In this context,
the CC chemokine ligand 5/CC chemokine receptor type 5 (CCL5/CCR5) axis is gaining …

Metastasis frequently develops from disseminated cancer cells that remain dormant after the
apparently successful treatment of a primary tumour. These cells fluctuate between an …

Overcoming immune-mediated resistance to PD-1 blockade remains a major clinical
challenge. Enhanced efficacy has been demonstrated in melanoma patients with combined …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is caused by abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein in
dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra, which subsequently causes motor symptoms …

During atherosclerosis, the gradual accumulation of lipids into the subendothelial space of
damaged arteries results in several lipid modification processes followed by macrophage …

According to the minimal criteria of the International Society of Cellular Therapy,
mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a population of undifferentiated cells defined by their …

Many lines of evidence, ranging from in vitro experiments and pathological examinations to
epidemiological studies, show that inflammation is a cardinal pathogenetic mechanism in …

Abstract KMT2C and KMT2D, encoding histone H3 lysine 4 methyltransferases, are among
the most commonly mutated genes in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, how …

Until recently, inflammatory chemokines were viewed mainly as indispensable “gate
keepers” of immunity and inflammation. However, updated research indicates that cancer …