Industrial systems always prefer to reduce their operational expenses. To support such
reductions, they need solutions that are capable of providing stability, fault tolerance, and …

Since the 1990s, the digitalization process has transformed the communication infrastructure
within the electrical grid: proprietary infrastructures and protocols have been replaced by the …

Abstract Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) networks have a vital role in
Critical Infrastructures (CIs) such as public transports, power generation systems, gas, water …

IEC 62351 is an industry standard aimed at improving security in automation systems in the
power system domain. It contains provisions to ensure the integrity, authenticity and …

Most of the world's power grids are controlled remotely. Their control messages are sent
over potentially insecure channels, driving the need for an authentication mechanism. The …

Smart Grid (SG) can be easily attacked by smart hackers who try to corrupt the data
aggregated by the acquisition system and supervisory control. The hacker has the capability …

Abstract Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems are used in major
industries to achieve greater levels of efficiency, safety and quality. Due to massive security …

Abstract IEC 60870-5-104 is an international standard used for tele-control in electrical
engineering and power system applications. It is one of the major principal protocols in …

As the data transmission in smart substation is larger, and various packets are directly
related to the proper and stable operation of substation, even of the whole power grid, cyber …

With the integration of computing, communication, and physical processes, the modern
power grid is becoming a large and complex cyber physical power system (CPPS). This …