Stroke remains a major cause of long-term disability and mortality worldwide. The immune
system plays an important role in determining the condition of the brain following stroke. As …

Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the most fatal diseases. Neuroimmunity, inflammation, and
oxidative stress play important roles in various complex mechanisms of IS. In particular, the …

The treatment of reperfusion injury after ischemic stroke remains unsatisfactory since the
blood‐brain barrier (BBB) prevents most neuroprotective agents from entering the brain …

Background and Purpose Astrocytic nuclear factor erythroid‐derived 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2)
is a potential therapeutic target of ischaemic preconditioning (IPC). Icariside II (ICS II) is a …

Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the major types of cerebrovascular diseases causing
neurological morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the pathophysiological process of IS …

Occupational injuries and toxicant exposures lead to the development of neuroinflammation
by activating distinct mechanistic signaling cascades that ultimately culminate in the …

Background Microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory response following traumatic brain
injury (TBI) is considered as a vital secondary injury factor, which drives trauma-induced …

Childhood neglect and/or abuse can induce mental health conditions with unknown
mechanisms. Here, we identified stress hormones as strong inducers of astrocyte-mediated …

Astrocytes are essential in maintaining normal brain functions such as blood brain barrier
(BBB) homeostasis and synapse formation as the most abundant cell type in the central …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) obtained from endothelial cells (ECs) have significant
therapeutic potential in the clinical management of individuals with ischemic stroke (IS) …