The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has helped us to understand how innate immunity is
activated. In addition to the Toll receptor and the Toll signaling pathway, the Drosophila …

Ticks and tick-borne diseases are a growing problem affecting human and animal health
worldwide. Traditional control methods, based primarily on chemical acaricides, have …

Abstract The carbohydrate Galα1-3Galβ1-(3) 4GlcNAc-R (α-Gal) is produced in all mammals
except for humans, apes and old world monkeys that lost the ability to synthetize this …

Rhipicephalus microplus, popularly known as the cattle tick, is the most important tick of
livestock as it is responsible for significant economic losses. The use of chemical acaricides …

Introduction Vaccines are a major achievement in medical sciences, but the development of
more effective vaccines against infectious diseases is essential for prevention and control of …

Ticks are obligate hematophagous ectoparasites that transmit a wide variety of pathogens to
humans and animals. The incidence of tick-borne diseases has increased worldwide in both …

Eukaryotic parasites and pathogens continue to cause some of the most detrimental and
difficult to treat diseases (or disease states) in both humans and animals, while also …

Tick-borne pathogens cause diseases that greatly impact animal health and production
worldwide. The ultimate goal of tick vaccines is to protect against tick-borne diseases …

The opinion flows from Introduction to the immunological quantum that requires a historical
perspective, to Quantum vaccine algorithms supported by a bibliometric analysis, to …

The Subolesin/Akirin constitutes a good model for the study of functional evolution because
these proteins have been conserved throughout the metazoan and play a role in the …