Enterprises in developing countries previously entered the lower end of the global value
chain (GVC) by leveraging low-cost production factors. Digital transformation offers these …

The traditional model of factor-driven economic growth can no longer be maintained due to
an increasing demand to save energy and reduce emissions and a rapid rise in the cost of …

Although wage inequality has evolved in advanced countries over recent decades, it
remains unknown the extent to which changes in wage inequality and their differences …

We examine how exposure to international tax competition affects domestic firms'
employment. Consistent with prior work, we find evidence that reductions in foreign tax rates …

This paper investigates the impact mechanism by which an incentive-based fertility policy
may reduce the labor income share. First, the specific paths through which this impact …

This paper investigates how population aging influences the skill income gap via two
pathways: the skill supply and skill-biased technical changes. Utilizing both simple and …

This study investigates the distinct effects of imported intermediate and capital goods on
manufacturing firms' overall and domestic sophistication. We use the plausible exogenous …

Purpose: Our article aims to analyze the changes in the productivity of cultural institutions
during the Covid-2019 pandemic. We studied how much productivity has changed and saw …

In 2008, Indonesia became a member of the G20, and it is estimated that in 2030 it will be in
the top seventh economic countries if it can keep growing. Nevertheless, high economic …

Capital-skill complementarity in production implies non-trivial interactions between the
availability of human capital and financial constraints. Firms that are constrained in their …