In order to achieve the vision of seamless wireless communication coverage, a space–air–
ground integrated network is proposed as a key component of the sixth-generation (6G) …

In this paper, we report the performance evaluation of praseodymium doped fiber amplifier
(PDFA) operating in 1.25–1.35 μm band of wavelengths based on theoretical simulation …

The demand for fault protection transmission link with high-speed, high security and long-
reach in an optical access network is growing at an exponential rate. It is quite difficult to …

The continuous growth in mobile network traffic driven by the extensive range of new user
applications, for instance, interactive e-learning, social networking sites, remote medical …

High-speed cellular technologies require low-latency and high-capacity optical networks.
The Centralized Radio Access Network (C-RAN) architecture offers a cost-effective solution …

Optical wireless communication (OWC) links enable high-speed data transmission between
earth stations and satellites. The propagation of optical signals through the atmosphere …

The deployment of high-capacity transport networks while maintaining strict cost constraints
is a formidable challenge for network operators in the era of networks beyond 5G (B5G) and …

To handle the massive high-speed internet traffic, free space optics (FSO) or single-mode
fiber (SMF) based fiber optic communication is being used everywhere across the world …

A free space optics based ring topology that transmits full‐duplex data to four different nodes
in the ring is proposed. The link is designed such that the four nodes do not require a local …

A multi-hop free space optical link based on all-optical relays is presented. All-optical relays
are either composed of simple optical amplifiers or optical regenerators. It has been shown …