Microbes are the unseen majority in soil and comprise a large portion of life's genetic
diversity. Despite their abundance, the impact of soil microbes on ecosystem processes is …

In this review, we synthesize field and culture studies of the 15N/14N (expressed as δ15 N)
of autotrophic plants, mycoheterotrophic plants, parasitic plants, soil, and mycorrhizal fungi …

Scientific interest in orchid mycorrhizas, the symbiotic association between orchid roots and
fungi, continues to grow. Advances in molecular identification techniques have enabled the …

The Orchidaceae is a diverse and wide spread family of flowering plants that are of great
value in ornamental, medical, conservation, and evolutionary research. The broad diversity …

Several green, photosynthetic plants in orchids and Ericaceae were recently found to
recover carbon from the mycorrhizal fungi associated with their roots, a dual nutritional …

Orchid mycorrhiza probably affects about 25 000 plant species and thus roughly one tenth of
all higher plants. Histologically, this symbiosis resembles other kinds of endomycorrhiza, the …

Question When evaluating forests in terms of their biodiversity, distinctiveness and
naturalness, the affinity of the constituent species to forests is a crucial parameter. Here we …

Mycoheterotrophic orchids have adapted to shaded forest understory by shifting to
achlorophylly and receiving carbon from their mycorrhizal fungi. In temperate forests, they …

Direct measurement of the carbon (C)'cost'of mycorrhizas is problematic. Although estimates
have been made for arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal symbioses, these are based on …

This chapter provides a description of all plant families and genera that include putative fully
mycoheterotrophic species, excluding initial and partial mycoheterotrophs. The overview …