Exposure to a variety of environmental factors such as temperature, pH, oxygen and salinity
may influence the oxidative status in aquatic organisms. The present review article focuses …

Mitochondria are the key organelles involved in energy and redox homeostasis, cellular
signaling, and survival. Animal mitochondria are exquisitely sensitive to environmental …

Cardiomyocyte apoptosis is an important pathological mechanism underlying
cardiovascular diseases and is commonly caused by hypoxia. Moreover, hypoxic injury …

Osmoregulation is by no means an energetically cheap process, and its costs have been
extensively quantified in terms of respiration and aerobic metabolism. Common products of …

Antioxidant defence system, a highly conserved biochemical mechanism, protects
organisms from harmful effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS), a by‐product of …

Fish are among the best-studied aquatic animals due to their economic and ecological
values. Fish meat is the most affordable protein source for the economically weaker section …

Climatic change (global warming) not only limited to the terrestrial environmental variations
but also transforming the aquatic environments. Recent studies have reported that both …

Temperature serves as an important environmental factor in ecosystems. Understanding the
cooperation of various tissues of animals in response to heat stress is the basis for clarifying …

The world is projected to experience an approximate doubling of atmospheric CO 2
concentration in the next decades. Rise in atmospheric CO 2 level as one of the most …

Spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) is a popular and important commercial fish
throughout the world, but it is unknown whether introducing domesticated fish to locations …