The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and TNF receptor (TNFR) superfamilies (TNFSF/TNFRSF)
include 19 ligands and 29 receptors that play important roles in the modulation of cellular …

Various therapeutic advances have led to a paradigm shift in the clinical management of
patients with IBD. The introduction of immunosuppressive (such as azathioprine) and …

IBD is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract encompassing two main
clinical entities: Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Although Crohn's disease and …

Cytokines have a crucial role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs),
such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, where they control multiple aspects of the …

Abstract Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), initially known for its tumor cytotoxicity, is a potent
mediator of inflammation, as well as many normal physiological functions in homeostasis …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic intestinal inflammatory disorder with an
unknown etiology. IBD is composed of two different disease entities: Crohn's disease (CD) …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is considered a chronic disease that cannot be cured. Biologic
agents have enabled good therapeutic successes; however, the response to biologic …

Spondyloarthropathies (SpA) include many different forms of inflammatory arthritis and can
affect the spine (axial SpA) and/or peripheral joints (peripheral SpA) with Ankylosing …

Inflammatory molecules play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel
disease (IBD) such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, both of which are chronic …

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is a potent pro-inflammatory and pathological cytokines in
inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel diseases. Anti …