Animal models are essential tools for addressing fundamental scientific questions about
skeletal diseases and for the development of new therapeutic approaches. Traditionally …

The formation of the face and skull involves a complex series of developmental events
mediated by cells derived from the neural crest, endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm …

Seahorses have a circum-global distribution in tropical to temperate coastal waters. Yet,
seahorses show many adaptations for a sedentary, cryptic lifestyle: they require specific …

The zebrafish is a premier model organism yet lacks a system for assigning postembryonic
fish to developmental stages. To provide such a staging series, we describe postembryonic …

Osteoporosis is metabolic bone disease caused by an altered balance between bone
anabolism and catabolism. This dysregulated balance is responsible for fragile bones that …

The neural crest (NC) is a major contributor to the vertebrate craniofacial skeleton, detailed
in model organisms through embryological and genetic approaches, most notably in chick …

Shovel shape of upper incisors is a common characteristic in Asian and Native American
populations but is rare or absent in African and European populations. Like other common …

The development of facile forward and reverse genetic approaches has propelled the
deconvolution of gene function in biology. While the origins of these techniques reside in the …

Teleosts are the largest and most diverse group of vertebrates, and many species undergo
morphological, physiological, and behavioral transitions,“metamorphoses,” as they progress …

Dental anomalies are common congenital malformations that can occur either as isolated
findings or as part of a syndrome. This review focuses on genetic causes of abnormal tooth …