Estimating rates of speciation and extinction, and understanding how and why they vary
over evolutionary time, geographical space and species groups, is a key to understanding …

Changes in chromosome numbers may strongly affect reproductive barriers, because
individuals heterozygous for distinct karyotypes are typically expected to be at least partially …

Far more species of organisms are found in the tropics than in temperate and polar regions,
but the evolutionary and ecological causes of this pattern remain controversial 1, 2. Tropical …

Phylogenetic studies of geographic range evolution are increasingly using statistical model
selection methods to choose among variants of the dispersal‐extinction‐cladogenesis …

Founder-event speciation, where a rare jump dispersal event founds a new genetically
isolated lineage, has long been considered crucial by many historical biogeographers, but …

Premise of the Study Polyploidy or whole‐genome duplication (WGD) pervades the
evolutionary history of angiosperms. Despite extensive progress in our understanding of …

The distribution of diversity can vary considerably from clade to clade. Attempts to
understand these patterns often employ state-dependent speciation and extinction models …

Species richness varies widely across the tree of life, and there is great interest in identifying
ecological, geographic, and other factors that affect rates of species proliferation. Recent …

Summary The tropical Andes of South America, the world's richest biodiversity hotspot, are
home to many rapid radiations. While geological, climatic, and ecological processes …

In historical biogeography, model-based inference methods for reconstructing the evolution
of geographic ranges on phylogenetic trees are poorly developed relative to the diversity of …