Milk is an important food of the daily diet. Many countries include it in their dietary
recommendations due to its content in several important nutrients that exert beneficial effects …

Fatty acids are good energy sources (9 kcal per gram) that aerobic tissues can use except
for the brain (glucose is an alternative source). Apart from the energy source, fatty acids are …

The relationship between poor in vivo bioavailability and effective pharmacological activity
are not yet fully clarified for many flavonoids. The analysis of flavonoids-induced alterations …

Valproic acid (VPA) is an anti-seizure drug that causes idiosyncratic liver injury. 2-propyl-4-
pentenoic acid (Δ 4 VPA), a metabolite of VPA, has been implicated in VPA-induced …

High-fat diet (HFD) consumption leads to obesity and a chronic state of low-grade
inflammation, named metainflammation. Notably, metainflammation contributes to …

Obesity is a major risk factor for several metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes,
hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, and brain disorders. Growing evidence suggests …

Epigenetic mechanisms, such as alterations in histone acetylation based on histone
deacetylases (HDACs) activity, have been linked not only to normal brain function but also to …

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is caused by various drugs with complex pathogenesis, and
diverse clinical and pathological phenotypes. Drugs damage the liver directly through drug …

Epilepsy is one of the most common diseases of the central nervous system. The diagnosis
of epilepsy mainly depends on electroencephalograms and symptomatology, while …

Abstract Purpose of Review The mechanistic understanding of the importance and the
potential benefits of the gut microbiome has exploded in potential roles in human health and …