Europe's forest provide multiple ecosystem services for societies, ranging from provisioning
(eg wood) and regulating (eg climate mitigation and biodiversity) to cultural (eg recreation) …

Forest ecological products are closely related to ecological balance, and an in-depth
understanding of the development dynamics of these products is crucial to the realization of …

Covering 35% of Europe's land area, forest ecosystems play a crucial role in safeguarding
biodiversity and mitigating climate change. Yet, forest degradation continues to undermine …

Abstract The European Union (EU) set clear climate change mitigation targets to reach
climate neutrality, accounting for forests and their woody biomass resources. We …

Environmental managers have been striving to optimize landscape structure to achieve a
sustained supply of ecosystem services (ESs). However, we still lack a full understanding of …

The EU aims at reaching carbon neutrality by 2050 and Finland by 2035. We integrated
results of three spatially distributed model systems (FRES, PREBAS, Zonation) to evaluate …

Various national policies guide forest use, but often with competing policy objectives leading
to divergent management paradigms. Incoherent policies may negatively impact the …

Sweden has the largest forest cover in the European Union, and for decades, Sweden's
forest industry has pursued intensive forest management through tree plantations and clear …

To mitigate climate change, several European countries have launched policies to promote
the development of a renewable resource-based bioeconomy. These bioeconomy strategies …

Governance of ecosystem services (ES) requires an understanding of the complex dynamics
of collaboration (and contestation) of multiple stakeholders and multiple ES. However, many …