Glycosylation is a ubiquitous post-translational modification responsible for a multitude of
crucial biological roles. As obligate parasites, viruses exploit host-cell machinery to …

In this Review, we highlight some recent developments in the discovery and application of
broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); ie …

HIV-1 immunotherapy with a combination of first generation monoclonal antibodies was
largely ineffective in pre-clinical and clinical settings and was therefore abandoned …

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope (Env) spike, comprising three
gp120 and three gp41 subunits, is a conformational machine that facilitates HIV-1 entry by …

HIV employs multiple means to evade the humoral immune response, particularly the
elicitation of and recognition by broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). Such antibodies …

The envelope glycoprotein trimer (Env) on the surface of HIV-1 recognizes CD4+ T cells and
mediates viral entry. During this process, Env undergoes substantial conformational …

Antibodies have been used for more than 100 years in the therapy of infectious diseases,
but a new generation of highly potent and/or broadly cross-reactive human monoclonal …

Antibody responses to the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins can be classified into three groups.
Binding but non-neutralizing responses are directed to epitopes that are expressed on …

The isolation of human monoclonal antibodies is providing important insights into the
specificities that underlie broad neutralization of HIV-1 (reviewed in ref.). Here we report a …

The HIV-1 fusion peptide, comprising 15 to 20 hydrophobic residues at the N terminus of the
Env-gp41 subunit, is a critical component of the virus-cell entry machinery. Here, we report …