Vaccination affords protection from disease by activating pathogen-specific immune cells
and facilitating the development of persistent immunologic memory toward the vaccine …

Live attenuated vaccines against human viral diseases have been amongst the most
successful cost effective interventions in medical history. Smallpox was declared eradicated …

Vaccines were initially developed on an empirical basis, relying mostly on attenuation or
inactivation of pathogens. Advances in immunology, molecular biology, biochemistry …

Background Observational data and non-human primate challenge studies suggest that cell-
mediated immune responses might provide control of HIV replication. The Step Study …

Vaccines based on recombinant proteins avoid the toxicity and antivector immunity
associated with live vaccine (for example, viral) vectors, but their immunogenicity is poor …

Adenoviral vectors are a safe and potently immunogenic vaccine delivery platform. Non-
replicating Ad vectors possess several attributes which make them attractive vaccines for …

Since the discovery in 1796 by Edward Jenner of vaccinia virus as a way to prevent and
finally eradicate smallpox, the concept of using a virus to fight another virus has evolved into …

Replication-incompetent adenoviral vectors have been under investigation as a platform to
carry a variety of transgenes, and express them as a basis for vaccine development. A …

Summary Background In the Step Study, the MRKAd5 HIV-1 gag/pol/nef vaccine did not
reduce plasma viraemia after infection, and HIV-1 incidence was higher in vaccine-treated …

Recent developments in the use of viruses as vaccine vectors have been facilitated by a
better understanding of viral biology. Advances occur as we gain greater insight into the …