Gelatin has been used for many years in pharmaceutical formulation, cell culture and tissue
engineering on account of its excellent biocompatibility, ease of processing and availability …

Calcification plays a major role in the failure of bioprosthetic and other tissue heart valve
substitutes. Tissue valve calcification is initiated primarily within residual cells that have …

Efficient function and long-term durability without the need for anticoagulation, coupled with
the ability to be accommodated in many different types of patient, are the principal …

Substitute heart valves composed of human or animal tissues have been used since the
early 1960s, when aortic valves obtained fresh from human cadavers were transplanted to …

Ectopic calcification is defined as inappropriate biomineralization occurring in soft tissues. 1
Ectopic calcifications are typically composed of calcium phosphate salts, including …

The durability of bioprosthetic heart valves (BHV) is severely limited by tissue deterioration,
manifested as calcification and mechanical damage to the extracellular matrix. Extensive …

The use of glutaraldehyde‐treated biological tissue in heart valve substitutes is an important
option in the treatment of heart valve disease. These devices have limited durability, in part …

Polyurethane materials have a huge role in everyday materials, for example, as foams they
are used in car and household furnishings; the polymer is used in the construction industry …

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality which primarily occurs due to the
blood vessel obstruction or narrowing. Surgical procedures such as, coronary artery and …

Current heart valve replacements lack durability and prolonged performance, especially in
pediatric patients. In part, these problems may be attributed to the materials chosen for these …