In this review, a companion piece to our recent examination of choroid plexus (CP), the
organ that secretes the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), we focus on recent information in the …

The human brain is a uniquely complex organ, which has evolved a sophisticated protection
system to prevent injury from external insults and toxins. Designing molecules that can …

Ethnopharmacological relevance “Dogel ebs” was known as Sophora flavescens Ait., which
has been widely utilized in the clinical practice of traditional Chinese Mongolian herbal …

This Perspective provides important concepts about the blood–brain barrier (BBB) in drug
discovery and how they should be applied effectively in designing successful CNS drugs …

Global oxycodone consumption has increased sharply during the last two decades, and, in
2008, oxycodone consumption surpassed that of morphine. As oxycodone was synthesized …

The pineal gland has a romantic history, from pharaonic Egypt, where it was equated with
the eye of Horus, through various religious traditions, where it was considered the seat of the …

Purpose The purpose of this study was to construct and validate an in vitro three-
dimensional blood–brain barrier (3DBBB) model system equipped with brain microvascular …

A recent paper in this journal sought to counter evidence for the role of transport proteins in
effecting drug uptake into cells, and questions that transporters can recognize drug …

Background Knowledge of the molecular basis and transport function of the human blood–
brain barrier (BBB) is important for not only understanding human cerebral physiology, but …

Tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic whose action is mediated by both agonistic activity
at opioid receptors and inhibitory activity on neuronal reuptake of monoamines. The purpose …