Modern medicine has been waging a war on cancer for nearly a century with no tangible
end in sight. Cancer treatments have significantly progressed, but the need to increase …

Compared with traditional drug therapy, nanomedicines exhibit intriguing biological features
to increase therapeutic efficiency, reduce toxicity and achieve targeting delivery. This review …

An effective tumor vaccine vector that can rapidly display neoantigens is urgently needed.
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) can strongly activate the innate immune system and are …

Here we present a protocol for the construction and use of two types of nanocarrier based on
bacterial membrane materials for cancer vaccine delivery. Cancer vaccines induce tumor …

The most immune cells infiltrating tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor‐associated
macrophages (TAMs) closely resemble immunosuppressive M2‐polarized macrophages …

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are produced by Gram-negative bacteria both in vitro and
in vivo. OMVs are nano-sized spherical vehicles formed by lipid bilayer membranes and …

While traditional approaches for disease management in the era of modern medicine have
saved countless lives and enhanced patient well‐being, it is clear that there is significant …

Biotherapy has recently become a hotspot research topic with encouraging prospects in
various fields due to a wide range of treatments applications, as demonstrated in preclinical …

Background The immune system interacts with cancer cells in various intricate ways that can
protect the individual from overproliferation of cancer cells; however, these interactions can …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, and are
present in all biological fluids of vertebrates, where they transfer DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids …