The steep rise of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and associated complications go along
with mounting evidence of clinically important sex and gender differences. T2DM is more …

Extensive experimental animal studies and epidemiological observations have shown that
environmental influences during early development affect the risk of later pathophysiological …

Epidemiologic and clinical research has provided a large body of evidence supporting the
developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD), but there has been a relative dearth …

Fetal development is a critical period for shaping the lifelong health of an individual.
However, the fetus is susceptible to internal and external stimuli that can lead to adverse …

Background Respiratory morbidity including respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a
serious complication of preterm birth and the primary cause of early neonatal mortality and …

Objective To update the congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to steroid 21-hydroxylase
deficiency clinical practice guideline published by the Endocrine Society in 2010 …

Developmental programming of non-communicable diseases is now an established
paradigm. With respect to hypertension and chronic kidney disease, adverse events …

Low birthweight, a marker of an adverse in utero environment, is associated with
cardiometabolic disease and brain disorders in adulthood. The adaptive changes made by …

An adverse foetal environment is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular,
metabolic, neuroendocrine and psychological disorders in adulthood. Exposure to stress …

Overexposure of the developing fetus to glucocorticoids is hypothesised to be one of the key
mechanisms linking early life development with later life disease. The maternal …