Secretion of cellular components across the plasma membrane is an essential process that
enables organisms to interact with their environments. Production of extracellular vesicles in …

This review focuses on nonlytic outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), a subtype of bacterial
extracellular vesicles (BEVs) produced by Gram-negative organisms focusing on the …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized lipid bilayer-delimited particles secreted from
almost all types of cells including bacteria, mammals and plants, and are presumed to be …

Bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) have emerged as novel and promising platforms for
the development of vaccines and immunotherapeutic strategies against infectious and …

Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) are bacterial nanoparticles that are spontaneously
released during growth both in vitro and in vivo by Gram-negative bacteria. They are …

Membrane vesicles are the nano-sized vesicles originating from membranes. The
production of membrane vesicles is a common feature among bacteria. Depending on the …

The outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria is an asymmetric lipid bilayer that
consists of inner leaflet phospholipids and outer leaflet lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The …

Bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) are cupped-shaped structures formed by bacteria in
response to environmental stress, genetic alteration, antibiotic exposure, and others. Due to …

Cancer therapy is undergoing a paradigm shift toward immunotherapy focusing on various
approaches to activate the host immune system. As research to identify appropriate immune …

Bacteria release extracellular vesicles (EVs) known as bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs)
during their normal growth. Gram-negative bacteria produce BMVs termed outer membrane …