Periodontitis is a common intraoral infection and is inextricably linked to systemic diseases.
Recently, the regulation between host immunologic response and periodontal pathogens …

Conspectus Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the “gatekeepers” of the immune system in
humans and other animals to protect the host from invading bacteria, viruses, and other …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is an incurable, devastating disorder that is characterized by
pathological protein aggregation and neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra. In recent …

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a permanent member of the normal human microbiota,
commonly found on skin and mucous membranes. By adhering to tissue surface moieties of …

Inflammation is likely a key contributor to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), a
progressively debilitating neurodegenerative disease that is accompanied by a pathological …

Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling represents one of the best studied pathways to implement
defense mechanisms against invading microbes in human being as well as in animals …

Corneal wounds resulting from injury, surgeries, or other intrusions not only cause pain, but
also can predispose an individual to infection. While some inflammation may be beneficial to …

The epithelium of the mammary gland (MG) fulfills three major functions: nutrition of progeny,
transfer of immunity from mother to newborn, and its own defense against infection. The …

Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) produced by gut commensal bacteria have been
proposed to play an important role in maintaining host homeostasis via interactions with the …

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the primary causative agent of human tuberculosis, has
killed more people than any other bacterial pathogen in human history and remains one of …