Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and their receptors, known to be essential regulators
of embryonic patterning and organogenesis, are also critical for the regulation of …

Correct organization of the vascular tree requires the balanced activities of several signaling
pathways that regulate tubulogenesis and vascular branching, elongation, and pruning …

Pazopanib (Votrient) is an orally administered tyrosine kinase inhibitor that blocks VEGF
receptors potentially serving as anti-angiogenic treatment for hereditary hemorrhagic …

Background Bevacizumab, an anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody, has recently emerged as a
new option for severe forms of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). Its utilization in …

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant disease that
manifests as vascular malformations in the brain, lung, liver, gastrointestinal tract, nasal …

Therapeutic antibodies are increasingly used to treat various diseases, including neoplasms
and chronic inflammatory diseases. Antibodies exhibit complex pharmacokinetic properties …

HHT have variants of unknown significance or no detectable mutations in any of the above-
listed genes suggesting involvement of alternative pathways and mechanisms. De novo …

Background This report addresses how patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
(HHT) and high output cardiac failure (HOCF) due to hepatic vascular malformations, should …

Background: Our previous survey on first-in-human trials (FIHT) of monoclonal antibodies
(mAbs) showed that, due to their limited toxicity, the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) …

Purpose: To review a representative case series and share a stepwise approach to the
diagnosis and treatment of periorbital venolymphatic malformations. Methods: A case series …