Radiation therapy (RT) is a curative treatment for many malignancies and provides effective
palliation in patients with tumor‐related symptoms. However, the biophysical effects of RT …

Brain metastases occur commonly in patients with advanced solid malignancies. Yet, less is
known about brain metastases than cancer-related entities of similar incidence. Advances in …

There is a critical need to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of melanoma
brain metastases (MBM). Thus, we performed RNA sequencing on 88 resected MBMs and …

Immune-checkpoint inhibitors targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4),
programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), or programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) have …

Objectives: Common origins for brain metastases (BMs) are melanoma, lung, breast, and
renal cell cancers. BMs account for a large share of morbidity and mortality caused by these …

Several inhibitors of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-
L1) have been approved as a form of immunotherapy for multiple cancers. Ionizing radiation …

The advent of immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and targeted
therapy (TT) has dramatically improved the prognosis of various cancer types. However …

Cancer remains a major cause of death globally. Given its relapsing and fatal features,
curing cancer seems to be something hardly possible for the majority of patients. In view of …

In the past decade, radiation therapy (RT) entered the era of personalized medicine,
following the striking improvements in radiation delivery and treatment planning …

Aims To evaluate neurocognitive performance, daily activity and quality of life (QoL), other
than usual oncologic outcomes, among patients with brain metastasis≥ 5 (MBM) from solid …