Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are reactive intermediates of molecular oxygen that act as
important second messengers within the cells; however, an imbalance between generation …

Vitamin D is known to elicit a vasoprotective effect, while vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor
for endothelial dysfunction (ED). ED is characterized by reduced bioavailability of a potent …

The CCL2-CCR2 axis is one of the major chemokine signaling pathways that has received
special attention because of its function in the development and progression of …

Leucine, isoleucine and valine are essential aminoacids termed branched-chain amino
acids (BCAA) due to its aliphatic side-chain. In several pathological and physiological …

Diabetes and hypertension frequently occur together. There is substantial overlap between
diabetes and hypertension in etiology and disease mechanisms. Obesity, inflammation …

Atherosclerotic vascular disease and its complications are among the top causes of mortality
worldwide. In the vascular lumen, atherosclerotic plaques are not randomly distributed …

Atherosclerosis, formerly considered a bland lipid storage disease, actually involves an
ongoing inflammatory response. Recent advances in basic science have established a …

Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease of the arterial wall where both innate and adaptive
immunoinflammatory mechanisms are involved. Inflammation is central at all stages of …

vasodilator capacity. 22 In addition to producing vasodilatation, nitric oxide can impair
platelet aggregation. Nitric oxide also has a direct anti-inflammatory effect, augmenting …

Increased plasma concentrations of angiotension II (Ang II) have been implicated in
atherogenesis. To examine this relationship directly, we infused Ang II or vehicle for 1 month …