Variability in the environment defines the structure and dynamics of all living systems, from
organisms to ecosystems. Species have evolved traits and strategies that allow them to …

Aquatic and terrestrial environments are increasingly contaminated by anthropogenic
sources that include pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and industrial and …

Microplastics (MP) are an abundant, long-lasting, and widespread type of environmental
pollution that is of increasing concern as it might pose a serious threat to ecosystems and …

The environment experienced by developing organisms can shape the timing and character
of developmental processes, generating different phenotypes from the same genotype, each …

A growing number of biologists have begun asking whether environmentally induced
phenotypic change––'phenotypic plasticity'––precedes and facilitates the origin and …

Globally, amphibians are undergoing a precipitous decline. At the last estimate in 2004,
32% of the approximately 6000 species were threatened with extinction and 43% were …

Organisms react to environmental changes through plastic responses that often involve
physiological alterations with the potential to modify life-history traits and fitness …

The interplay of genes and environments (GxE) is a fundamental source of variation in
behavioral and developmental outcomes. Although the role of developmental time (T) in the …

Thyroid hormone (TH) is the most important hormone in frog metamorphosis, a
developmental process which will not occur in the absence of TH but can be induced …

Natural and anthropogenic disturbances cause profound alterations in organisms, inducing
physiological adjustments to avoid, reduce, or remedy the impact of disturbances. In …