Background Snake venoms are trophic adaptations that represent an ideal model to
examine the evolutionary factors that shape polymorphic traits under strong natural …

Venom represents a key adaptation of many venomous predators, allowing them to
immobilise prey quickly through chemical rather than physical warfare. Evolutionary arms …

Bothrops venoms are rich in enzymes acting on platelets and coagulation. This action is
dependent on two major co-factors, ie, calcium and phospholipids, while antivenoms …

Background Intraspecific variations in snake venom composition have been extensively
documented, contributing to the diverse clinical effects observed in envenomed patients …

Despite coagulotoxicity being a primary weapon for prey capture by Bothrops species
(lancehead pit vipers) and coagulopathy being a major lethal clinical effect, a genus-wide …

Envenoming resulting from snakebites is recognized as a priority neglected tropical disease
by The World Health Organization. The Bothrops genus, consisting of different pitviper …

Snake venoms have a complex mixture of compounds that are conserved across species
and act synergistically, triggering severe local and systemic effects. Identification of the toxin …

Alongside modernity, the human activity has been a key factor in global environmental risks,
with worldwide anthropic modification being the cause of the emergence of diseases for wild …

Structural variability is a feature of snake venom proteins, and glycosylation is a post-
translational modification that contributes to the diversification of venom proteomes. Studies …

Bothrofav, a monospecific antivenom, was introduced in June 1991 and has shown
excellent effectiveness against life-threatening and thrombotic complications of Bothrops …