Stems that develop secondary vascular tissue (ie xylem and phloem derived from the
vascular cambium) have unique demands on transport owing to their mass and longevity …

Background: Lianas present many interesting structural features that are linked to their
climbing habit. Having lost substantial amounts of supporting tissue, these plants depend on …

The history of classification of the tribe Bignonieae and its genera are reviewed as context
for a comprehensive new genus-level classification of the tribe Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae …

The vascular system of lianas exhibits a number of shared features that result from
convergent evolution and are independent of their taxonomic affinities. This chapter …

The Neotropics are the most species-rich area of the planet. Understanding the origin and
maintenance of this diversity is an important goal of ecology and evolutionary biology …

Abstract Background and Aims The tribe Paullinieae has the highest diversity of vascular
variants among the seed plants. The developmental diversity is better understood in the …

Secondary growth is the developmental process by which woody plants grow radially. The
most complex presentations of secondary growth are found in lianas (woody vines) as a …

Wood (secondary xylem) is responsible for water transport and has been well-studied
anatomically, ecologically, physiologically, and phylogenetically. Comparative methods can …

Abstract Background and Aims Roots are key in the evolution of plants, being in charge of
critical functions, such as water and nutrient uptake and anchorage of the plant body. Stems …

Background Phloem wedges furrowing the wood are one of the most notorious, widespread
types of cambial variants in Angiosperms. Many lianas in Malpighiaceae show these …